It is a dark fairly large green seaweed, which grows on hard surfaces at the deep end of the tidal zone. World register of marine species codium fragile subsp. Codium fragile is a popular, edible green alga belonging to the family codiaceae it is widely distributed along the shores of east asia, oceania, and northern europe. Both animals pierce the seaweed with their radula and suck out cellular juices. Codium fragile, known commonly as green sea fingers, dead mans fingers, felty fingers, forked feltalga, stag seaweed, sponge seaweed, green sponge, green fleece, and oyster thief, is a species of seaweed in the family codiaceae. Codium fragile and codium vermilaraderived watersoluble sulfated arabinogalactans prevented coagulation, but they induced platelet aggregation ciancia et al. Codium fragile suringar hariot phylum chlorophyta order codiales family codiaceae. Gamification in a nutshell gamification is the application of game like principles and features to software in order to increase customer, employee and partner engagement e. A similar study undertaken in 2000 on exposed shores in western ireland showed that, as compared to thirty years earlier, c. Codium is not considered a new beauty component, it has been around for thousands of years now. Codium, genus of about 50 species of marine green algae family codiaceae usually found in deep pools along rocky coasts. Codium fragile has already taken over some areas in the bay that were once productive eelgrass beds.
Archambault down to 60 feet 18 meters and can also be codium lives underwater in subtidal areas found in tide pools. Codium fragile subspecies tomentosoides is the most invasive seaweed in the world, and it is believed to be native to japan and was then unintentionally spread around the world. The secondary spread of an invasive species after initial establishment is a major factor in determining its distribution and impacts. Codium fragile hariot nova scotia codium fragile sui song japan, american pacific from alaska to cape horn, australia and new zealand, british isles, norway, denmark, and netherlands. Essentially filamentous, the multinucleate branches are often woven together to form a velvety pseudothallus that can exceed 30 cm 11. In 2008, a seaweed sample suspected to be codium fragile subsp. Thus, instead of being divided into cells, each filament is a giant cell with many nuclei. Codium fragile extract ingredient for cosmetics formulations find latest products launched and their applications in relevant industry news and technical articles. Southern australian species of codium at a glance compressed.
The sea slug eats codium fragile and is a suggested method to control large populations. This paper documents the distribution of this species in tunisia and provides a morphological description of c. Japanese tsunami marine debris key aquatic invasive species watch. In east asia japan and korea, where codium fragile is a native species, its spread is restricted to areas where water temperatures are between 1020c lee and kang, 1986. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties.
Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. The global invasive species database contains invasive species information supplied by experts on biological invasion from around the world. Codium article about codium by the free dictionary. Codium fragile photo by sergej olenin identification. Both of these species negatively impact eelgrass habitat. The arrival of nearshore species of japanese origin after at least 15 months. Follow the general guidelines at the end of this pamphlet. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. It is often found on beaches after a storm still attached to little pebbles or shells and some think that is how some beaches get the pebbles and shell build up. The national vegetation survey nvs databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots including data from over 19,000 permanent plots.
Codium fragile, or dead mans fingers is a seaweed named for its dark green color and soft, feltlike texture. Invasion biology introduced species summary project. Jpg from wikimedia commons, the free media repository jump to navigation jump to search. Pdf the first detection of the invasive macroalga codium fragile. Pdf immuneenhancing effects of anionic macromolecules. A number of subspecies have been described, some of which have been introduced in various parts of the world. Cultivation of the green alga, codium fragile suringar hariot, by. The green alga codium fragile consists of 10 subspecies, of which subspecies fragile is a wellknown invasive seaweed. The species fouls shellfish beds and causes a myriad of impacts on shellfish communities. Codium fragile suringar hariot h forked tubular dichot omous macro plant preserved bleached specimens of codium fragile a10988 viewed at different magnifications 1. The first detection of the invasive macroalga codium fragile. Codium fragile extract official cosing information. Photosynthesis in codium fragile chlorophyta from a nova. Modelling the spread of the invasive alga codium fragile driven by longdistance dispersal of buoyant propagules.
After being introduced into new york from europe in 1957, it now covers a region from the gulf of st. Codium fragile is a dark green alga, ranging from ten to forty cm high and consists of repeatedly branching cylindrical segments about 0. It has earned the common name dead mans fingers or green sea fingers for its swollen, fingershaped branches that float in the water, or hang down the sides of rocks and cliffs when the tide is out. Species range from microorganisms and invertebrates to fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals and plants. Codium fragile national museum of nature and science.
However, there are no native sponges in the northwest. Onesite socialcore helps companies build better relationships with its users. A list of us medications equivalent to codium is available on the drugs. Codium extricatum silva cape agulhas to southern kwazulunatal.
Protective effect of codium fragile against uvbinduced proinflammatory and oxidative damages in hacat cells and balbc mice. Growing from a holdfast on rocks or molluscs, the buoyant thallus can lift and carry molluscs away in heavy seas. The branching is irregular and features soft fuzzy filaments at the tips resembling the fingers of a sponge. Immuneenhancing effects of anionic macromolecules extracted. Expansion of the asiatic green alga codium fragile subsp. Green sea fingers, dead mans fingers, green fleece, oyster thief, sputnik weed, velvet horn. Another species, codium isthmocladum, forms harmful blooms on reefs, consequence of increased eutrophication. Text, images and maps give biological, ecological and geographical information. Marine life of yaquina head by ed white december 1995 minor updates june 1998 revised and updated by terry morse, january 2003 last revised.
Japanese tsunami marine debris key aquatic invasive. Codium fragile is a green alga of codiales family and has been reported to exhibit antiedema, antiallergic, antiprotozoal and antimycobacterial activities. This species also causes a nuisance to humans when it accumulates on beaches and rots producing a foul odor. Photosynthetic responses of both rhizomatous and erect growth forms were measured using pulse amplitude modulation pam fluorometry of chlorophyll a fluorescence to determine effective quantum yield. Protective effect of codium fragile against uvbinduced pro. Although there is no protocol for codium fragile the best thing to do to stop the spread of it is to make sure when you go on the water that none of it get attached to the bottom of your boat so you dont spread them to other regions. Please login to display the rating of all cosmetics. Comparisons in demographic rates of bay scallops in. It was first documented in the gulf of maine in 1964 at booth bay. Permission is granted to copy, distribute andor modify this document under the terms of the gnu free documentation license, version 1. Morphological work carried out in the 1950s suggested that there were three subspecies along the norwegian coast. Although longterm survival was not different between habitats, results suggest sitespeci. Cultural it has been suggested to prevent this alga by using ropes nets and boat hulls.
However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. A spongy, dichotomously branched green alga without distinct flattening at the forks of the branches. It was observed that anticoagulant activity was higher in sp samples with higher sulfate content. Whether in the healthcare, education, or gaming industry, organizations can engage users with socialcores wide array of social network and content management tools. In fact there are even numerous skincare brands and lines completely dedicated to using it. Codium fragile belongs to a group of sea plants that are unique in that their internal filaments lack crosswalls. Codium fragile new zealand plant conservation network. Pdf the first detection of the invasive macroalga codium. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled gnu free documentation license. Anionic macromolecules cfams were isolated from the seaweed codium fragile, and its immuneenhancing biological activities were examined in cyinduced immunosuppressed mice. Algae revealed r n baldock, s australian state herbarium, november 2009 southern australian species of codium at a glance the 10c piece used as a scale is 24mm across or almost 1 inch in diameter. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionshare alike 3. Electronic flora of south australia species fact sheet. Lawrence, was extremely tolerant to stresses from desiccation and reduced salinity.
While demographic rates did not differ in shinnecock bay, in sag harbor, growth andor condition were signi. A historical comparison of seaweed populations from casco bay maine. Codium fragile, a nutrientrich green algae that is both edible and medicinal, it is called a rat tail because of its unique shape, it can reach up to a metre in length and has the functions. This alga is distributed along nearly the entire coastline of the eastern united states. Codium fragilesuringar hariot is an edible green alga farmed in korea using seed stock produced from regeneration of isolated utricles and medullary.
It is divided into lists of algae, invertebrates, fish, and marine mammals. Immuneregulation and homeostasis are critical in cancer therapy and immunomodulatory biomaterials have been used to decrease side effects of immunosuppressant drugs. Some ways to mechanically remove codium fragile are trawling, dredging, cutting, and suctioning. Codium compendium eat the weeds and other things, too. Fragile suringar hariot in western australia article pdf available in bioinvasions records 42. It was termed as a wonder ingredient as well as the oceans most valuable secret. Search the collection numbers in the database for further details on these specimens, or search this species for additional occurrences. The alga was maintained in aerated sea water at approximately. Codium fragile is an invasive green seaweed that arrived in long island sound in the late 1950s. Nitrogenase activity associated with codium species from new. In both species the ability to reduce acetylene is invariably associated with the presence of a heterocystous bluegreen alga, calothrix sp. When washed ashore by storms in great abundance, this alga has fouled beaches.
The first detection of the invasive macroalga codium fragile subsp. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. Japanese tsunami marine debris key aquatic invasive species watch 2 tsunami marine debris. The list of cosmetic products below is a selection of the most requested cosmetics that contain the ingredient codium fragile extract. Nobanis alien invasive species fact sheet species name.
Codium fragile national museum of nature and science, tokyo dsc07662. Codium is the favorite food of some sea slugs, snails and sea urchins. Materials and methods collection and maintenance of plant material young up to five dichotomies and old up to eight dichotomies specimens of c. Individual species of codium are abundant in shallow water habitats worldwide. Photosynthetic responses of both rhizomatous and erect growth forms were measured using pulse amplitude modulation pam fluorometry of chlorophyll a fluorescence to determine effective. In this study, we have investigated a novel antiinflammatory potential of c. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in.
Codium is a medicine available in a number of countries worldwide. Codium fragile and codium vermilara derived watersoluble sulfated arabinogalactans prevented coagulation, but they induced platelet aggregation ciancia et al. Antiinflammatory effects of methanol extract of codium fragile in lipopolysaccharidestimulated raw 264. Modelling the spread of the invasive alga codium fragile. Comparisons in demographic rates of bay scallops in eelgrass. It originates in the pacific ocean near japan and has become an invasive species on the coasts of the northern atlantic ocean. Eradication and control information and expert advice is also. A cooler water specimen that will not grow well in aquariums with temps above 80 degrees. Protective effect of codium fragile against uvbinduced. In elysia, ingested chloroplasts continue to photosynthesize for several days and produce a lubricant the animal uses to glide on. A potential invasive species pathway in the modern era the open ocean is a lowproductivity environment in which nearshore species are unlikely to survive for extended periods. Its holdfast is a broad, spongelike cushion of tissue.